CMOS devices have large input impedance with input currents on the order of 0.01nA. Adding feedback circuitry can result in a latch-like device that can be used to store bits, and also operate in a ...

Using just two NAND or inverter gates its possible to build a D type (or ‘toggle’) flip-flop with a push-button input. At power-up the output of gate N2 is at a logical ‘1’, ensuring that transistor T2 ...

Low-power IC design techniques have been around for quite a while. They weren’t always required, though they were nice to have. The rapid growth of the consumer market for battery-powered devices has ...

The transistor, an invention that heralded a new era in electronics, is the key component of practically all integrated circuits (ICs) and microprocessors. The point-contact transistor that Walter H.