Type-2 fuzzy logic systems have emerged as a powerful extension of traditional fuzzy logic, providing enhanced capability to model uncertainty and imprecision in complex systems. Unlike type-1 systems ...
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) are versatile modelling tools that integrate elements of fuzzy logic with cognitive representations to simulate the causal relationships within complex systems. They ...
ABSTRACT Engineering systems are often too complex and their behavior cannot be determined using closed form or exact methods. To circumvent this problem, numerical methods, such as boundary element ...