Matthew Brandon was six years old when he made his way into Chris and Shannon Gardiner's life. The boy was non-verbal and had complex needs, and he had already been moved around a lot in the foster ...

Intergenerational trauma occurs when multiple generations of a family feel the effects of past traumatic events. These effects can be emotional or physical. Traumatic events can influence a person’s ...

Trauma creates overwhelming feelings of vulnerability and helplessness that cannot be cognitively processed into a meaningful and integrated narrative (Horowitz, 1982; Bromberg, 1998).