The mystery of adding LED lights to a modern BMW with CAN Bus (Controller Area Network) electrical system is easy to resolve. The “smart” CAN Bus smells a rat when you pop in an LED brake light or ...

To measure a zener diode’s breakdown voltage, you need a dc voltage source whose voltage exceeds that of the zener voltage. In Figure 1, resistor R SER provides voltage drop between V IN and V ZEN. In ...

This Design Idea circuit regulates the current through one or more LEDs, making it almost independent of supply voltage. Its main advantage is a very small dropout voltage, which can be less than ...

Most engineers are quite familiar with typical low-power-indicator LEDs, whether they be surface-mount or the classical through-hole packages. All that's needed to use them is a voltage source and a ...