The Nature Index 2025 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...

Could lithocholic acid, a compound produced when gut bacteria process bile, be the missing link between a low-calorie diet and its age-defying effects? Experiments in mice, flies and nematode worms ...

(A) The classic bile acid synthesis pathway: cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) converts cholesterol to 7α-hydroxycholesterol (7α-HOC). The sterol 12α-hydroxylase (CYP8B1) converts the intermediate ...

Primary bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, which is transformed to cholic acid (CA) through the classical pathway and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) as an alternative pathway.