Background This study set out to offer a three-dimensional description of scapular kinematics and scapulohumeral rhythm (SHR) of healthy subjects during arm elevation and lowering, as well as to ...

The scapula plays a central role in shoulder function, acting as a dynamic platform that links trunk movement to the upper limb via precise three-dimensional rotations and translations. Scapular ...

Scapular winging involves one or both shoulder blades sticking out from the back rather than lying flat. It is a rare condition that may result from injury or nerve damage. This article will discuss ...

Neck pain represents a leading cause of disability worldwide, driven by complex interactions between cervical structures, neuromuscular control and postural demands. Assessment has evolved from purely ...

Scapular winging, sometimes called a winged scapula, is a condition that affects the shoulder blades. It causes the shoulder blades to stick out. Scapula is the anatomical term for the shoulder blade.