Nature

Enhanced PID controller tuning for nonlinear continuous stirred-tank heaters using a modified Newton-Raphson optimizer with random opposition and Lévy-flight learning

Accurate temperature regulation in continuous stirred-tank heater (CSTH) systems is vital in chemical and thermal process industries, where deviations can cause energy inefficiencies, product quality ...
Nature

Quadratic interpolation optimization-based 2DoF-PID controller design for highly nonlinear continuous stirred-tank heater process

Industrial process control requires stable control of processes with time-varying operating conditions and complex dynamics. Continuous stirred-tank heaters (CSTH) are an important process control ...