The Nature Index 2025 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...

The sol-gel process is a widely used method for synthesizing nanoparticles with precise control over size, shape, and composition. This method converts a liquid precursor, or "sol," into a solid gel ...

Nanoprecipitation, also known as solvent displacement or interfacial deposition, is a widely used method for the synthesis of nanoparticles. It involves the precipitation of a dissolved material from ...

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are nanoscale particles of gold, typically ranging in size from 1 to 100 nanometers (nm). These nanoparticles exhibit unique physical, chemical, and optical properties that ...