The high sensitivity of the reflection electron microscopy (REM) technique to small changes in the crystal structure and composition of the top surface layers of various crystalline materials makes it ...

Microscopes are an important tool in biomedical research as it allows for detailed observation and imaging of tissues. Since biological materials are opaque by their nature, severe light scattering ...

Over the past decade, demand for nano-electrical characterization has rapidly increased due to the continuous miniaturization of electronic devices. The semiconductor and microelectronics industries ...

Infrared microscopy involves the examination of small samples, usually within the 10 to 100 μm range. Spatial resolution becomes a significant concern on the scale. The infrared light's relatively ...